Digital Substation is an engineering publication focused on IEC 61850 automation, protection systems, and digital grid intelligence.
Newton-Evans Research Company disclosed some of the findings of 2016 North American Protective Relay Marketplace report. The findings in this report are based on survey responses received from 79 electric utilities that include 16 investor-owned, 28 public power, 26 cooperatives, 4 electric power consulting groups, and 5 Canadian electric utilities.
A local area network is critical infrastructure in a digital substation. Experts in the area of relay protection and automatic as well as automated process control systems run into it with increasing frequency, while the number of questions such as, ‘How to design it?’, ‘How to maintain it?’, ‘How to evaluate its security and effectiveness?’ only increases.
To meet the needs of both operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) networks, SDN is emerging as a superior solution.
In any packet transmitted over Ethernet there are two MAC-addresses present: one is a source MAC-address and another is a destination MAC-address. When forwarding data, Ethernet-switches use this important data. So what is a MAC-address? What are the differences between unicast, multicast and broadcast destination MAC-addresses? What destination MAC-addresses are common for IEC 61850 standard protocols? Let's have a more detailed look on this.